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黄精为传统补益名药，基原主要包括黄精（Polygonatum sibiricum）、滇黄精（P. kingianum）与多花黄精（P. cyrtonema）。临床多赖蒸制、酒蒸或黑豆制以减毒增效，然而长期以来关于黄精生熟异治的物质基础尚未形成系统、公认的现代科学阐释。近年来，高分辨质谱与多组学技术逐步厘清了炮制并非单纯的物理变化，而是一次系统的物质重组。本综述以炮制为主线，整合了炮制驱动的化学转化，重点阐释多糖由低分子果聚糖向半乳聚糖及果胶型多糖的结构改变过程，以及皂苷重塑与褐变产物的差异化累积规律。在此基础上，系统梳理了不同炮制辅料如何通过改变多糖的可发酵性，经由肠道菌群与短链脂肪酸代谢网络，实现不同偏向性的免疫调节与肠黏膜屏障修复。同时提出了以糖类标志物为核心的质量控制建议，并针对炮制工艺标准化匮乏、成分与功效证据链不闭合以及临床高质量研究缺失等关键问题提出未来研究的突破方向，以期为黄精的现代精准药理学研究与产业化开发提供参考。
Abstract：Huangjing (黄精) is a classic tonic herbal medicine derived from Polygonatum sibiricum， P. kingianum， and P. cyrtonema. Clinically， Huangjing is often processed by steaming， by steaming with wine， or with black soybeans to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. However， for a long time， there has been no systematic， widely accepted modern scientific evidence regarding the material basis for different therapeutic effects between raw and processed Huangjing. In recent years， high-resolution mass spectrometry and multi-omics technologies have gradually clarified that processing leads to not merely a physical change but systematic reorganization of chemical components. This review integrates multi-omics evidence on processing-driven chemical transformation， with an emphasis on the structural transition of polysaccharides from low-molecular-weight fructans toward galactan- and pectin-type polymers， alongside differential accumulation of saponins and Maillard browning products. We systematically delineate how different processing adjuvants alter polysaccharide fermentability， thereby channeling gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid metabolism toward divergent immunomodulatory and mucosal barrier repair outcomes. Furthermore， in response to the key problems such as the lack of standard processing techniques， the incomplete evidence chain between components and efficacy， and the absence of high-quality clinical studies， this paper proposes the future research breakthrough directions， aiming to provide references for the modern precise pharmacological research and industrial development of Huangjing.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.20260803.001
中图分类号:R283;R285
引用信息:
[1]余菊妹,刘仲书.炮制对黄精化学成分及药效改变的研究进展[J].中药药理与临床().DOI:10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.20260803.001.
基金信息:
云南省中医优才项目
2026-08-03
2026-08-03
2026-08-03