中药药理与临床

目的:应用数据挖掘方法探讨全国各地区运用中医药防治新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的用药规律。方法:收集国家、各省、自治区、直辖市卫健委官网发布的诊疗方案,及中国知网、万方、维普三大数据库相关文献报道,运用Microsoft Excel 2003进行中药频数、性味、归经统计,通过SPSS Modeler 14.1软件所提供的Apriori算法进行关联规则分析,利用SPSS 23.0软件进行因子分析、聚类分析。结果:共筛选出212个中药处方,含162味中药。使用频数排名前4位的中药分别是甘草、杏仁、麻黄、藿香。排名前4位的药性分别为寒、温、微寒、平,药味为甘、苦、辛。从归经上看,归肺经、胃经最多。按功效分类,使用频数排名前4位的药物为清热药、解表药、补气药、补阴药。根据高频药物的关联规则分析,置信度最高的2组药分别为"杏仁→石膏、麻黄(100%)""杏仁→石膏、麻黄、甘草(100%)"。高频药物聚类分析成8类。结论:数据挖掘结果发现各地区防治COVID-19中医药处方中以清热补虚,固护脾胃为主,后期以补气药、补阴药居多,总结得出了常用药物使用特点,为临床上防治COVID-19提供一定的指导作用。

Objective:To analyze the medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in preventing and treating COVID-19 based on data mining. Methods: Treatment guidelines of COVID-19 released by national government, different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were collected, as well as online databases, such as CNKI, WanFang medical network, and VIP database. After screening, statistics of use frequency, drug characteristic and flavor, channel tropism were performed by Excel 2003 software. Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1 software was used to analyze the association rules, SPSS 23.0 software was used to perform cluster analysis and factor analysis. Results: Among 212 compounds in this study, a total of 162 traditional Chinese medicines were involved. The top 4 drugs with the highest use frequency were Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Xingren(Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Mahuang(Ephedra) and Huoxiang(Pogostemonis Herba). Drug characteristics are mainly concentrated on Han, Wen, Weihan and Ping. Drug flavors are mainly concentrated on Gan, ku and Xin flavor. Channel tropisms of the drugs are mainly belonged to Fei and Wei system. Frequency analysis showed that the main drugs in the prevention treatment of COVID-19 were Qingre drugs, Jiebiao drugs, Buqi drugs and Buyin drugs. According to the association rule analysis of core drugs, the two groups with the highest confidence were "Armeniacae Semen Amarum→Gypsum Fibrosum and ephedra(100%)", "Armeniacae Semen Amarum →Gypsum Fibrosum and ephedra and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(100%)". By the cluster analysis, eight clustering results were obtained. Conclusion: Data mining results suggests that the TCM compounds in preventing and treating COVID-19 are mostly focused on Qingrebuxu and Guhupiwei, while in later stage of COVID-19 disease, compounds of Buqi and Buyin drugs are mainly used. In the study, we summarized the regularity of commonly used drugs, in order to provide some guidance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 on clinic.